What is the recommended treatment protocol for extravasation?
At the first sign of extravasation, the following steps are recommended: (1) stop administration of IV fluids immediately, (2) disconnect the IV tube from the cannula, (3) aspirate any residual drug from the cannula, (4) administer a drug-specific antidote, and (5) notify the physician (Fig.
What is the antidote for extravasation?
Hyaluronidase as an antidote to extravasation of vinca alkaloids: clinical results.
When do you give phentolamine for extravasation?
Depending on the severity of ischemia, debridement of necrotic tissue may be necessary. Phentolamine mesylate, dosed at 5–10 mg in 10 mL of saline injected into the area of extravasation within 12 hours, is the only pharmacological treatment for vasopressor extravasation approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
What drugs are Vesicants?
Vesicants: Drugs that can result in tissue necrosis or formation of blisters when accidentally infused into tissue surrounding a vein[14]. They include Actinomycin D, Dactinomycin, Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitomycin C, Vinblastine, Vindesine, Vincristine, and Vinorelbine.
Is extravasation a medical emergency?
Extravasation is an oncology emergency and therefore it is imperative that it is recognised, diagnosed and treated swiftly to minimise the potential for injury.
What happens if IV potassium infiltration?
This can occur with many antibiotics, dextrose solutions, or even normal saline. When left unchecked and untreated, IV infiltration can result in pain, swelling, compartment syndrome, and even amputation of the affected limb.
What nursing action is most important in preventing extravasation?
Taking time to prevent extravasation injuries is the best course of action for nurses who administer vesicant infusions.
How do you administer phentolamine for extravasation?
Phentolamine (Regitine)2,5 Prepare by diluting 5 mg phentolamine in 10 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride. Inject subcutaneously into the extravasation area within 12 hours of extravasation. Blanching should reverse immediately; additional injections may be required if blanching returns.
How can we stop extravasation?
Preventing Extravasation
- Know your hospital’s policy on the use of antidotes for vesicants.
- Make sure you know the antidote and other recommended treatment for the vesicant drug you are giving.
- Ensure that the drug has been properly diluted before injection or infusion.
What is the difference between Vesicants and irritants?
Vesicant. An agent capable of causing blistering, tissue sloughing, or necrosis when it escapes from the intended vascular pathway into surrounding tissue. Irritant. An agent capable of producing discomfort or pain along the internal lumen of the vein.
