What is the difference between intergranular and transgranular fracture?
While intergranular cracking denotes the failure of interfaces between contiguous grains, transgranular cracking refers to the failure of individual bulk grains along specific crystallographic planes.
What is quasi cleavage fracture?
Quasi-cleavage fracture is used to describe failure on non-cleavage planes that are frequently decorated with fine lines called river markings that run approximately parallel to the crack propagation direction [13], [14], [15], [16].
What do you mean by fatigue fracture?
A fatigue fracture is a material failure that occurs as a result of excessive cyclic loading. Prior to final fatigue fracture, many different micro fractures are created and eventually the repeated dynamic loading propagates the cracks.
When does transgranular fracture occur?
This usually occurs when the phase in the grain boundary is weak and brittle (such as cementite in iron’s grain boundaries). This can be visualized as a 3-D puzzle: Transgranular fracture cuts through the puzzle pieces, while intergranular fracture travels along the precut edges of the puzzle pieces.
How can you tell the difference between cleavage and fracture?
Fracture is the characteristic way a mineral breaks. The difference between cleavage and fracture is that cleavage is the break of a crystal face where a new crystal face is formed where the mineral broke, whereas fracture is the “chipping” of a mineral.
When does cleavage fracture occur?
Cleavage fracture of metals occurs by direct separation along crystallographic planes due to a simple breaking of atomic bonds. Its main characteristics are that it is associated with a particular crystallographic plane. It is increased by lower temperatures and higher strain rates.
What is fatigue in terms of materials?
Fatigue is defined as a process of progressive localized plastic deformation occurring in a material subjected to cyclic stresses and strains at high stress concentration locations that may culminate in cracks or complete fracture after a sufficient number of fluctuations.
What can cause a fatigue fracture?
Fatigue fracture is the result of repetitive cyclic short-time stress or tensile stress, or deformation well below the tensile or flexural strength of the material (78).
What is the difference between stress fracture and fatigue fracture?
A “fatigue fracture” occurs when abnormal stress is applied to bone with normal elastic resistance. An “insufficiency fracture” is produced by normal or physiological stress applied to bone with deficient elastic resistance. Fatigue and insufficiency fractures occur most frequently in the weight-bearing bones.
