What is antepartum Haemor?

Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or in to the genital tract, occurring from 24+0 weeks of pregnancy and prior to the birth of the baby. The most important causes of APH are placenta praevia and placental abruption, although these are not the most common.

What are the signs and symptoms of APH?

(b) In APH due to placental abruption symptoms include:

• Vaginal bleeding.
• Abdominal pain.
• Back pain.
• Uterine tenderness.
• Uterine contractions,
• Firmness in the uterus or abdomen.

How do you manage APH?

The initial emergency management of antepartum haemorrhage

1. Assess the condition of the patient.
2. Assess the condition of the fetus.
3. Diagnose the cause of the bleeding, taking the clinical findings into account and, if necessary, the results of special investigations.

What is the complication of APH?

Maternal complications of APH are malpresentation, premature labour, postpartum hemorrhage, shock, retained placenta. They also include higher rates of caesarian section, peripartum hysterectomy, coagulation failure, puerperal infections and even death.

How many types of APH are there?

Placenta praevia is classified into four types: Type I: the placenta is located in the lower part of the uterus but does not come close to the cervix. You can usually expect to birth vaginally with this type. Type II (or marginal) – the placenta touches but does not cover the cervix.

When is the antepartum period?

A term with the same meaning is the “antepartum” (from Latin ante “before” and parere “to give birth”) Sometimes “antepartum” is however used to denote the period between the 24th/26th week of gestational age until birth, for example in antepartum hemorrhage.

What are types of APH?

Antepartum haemorrhage

• Cervical ectropion. The cells on the surface of the cervix often change in pregnancy and make the tissue more likely to bleed, particularly after sex.
• Infection.
• Placental edge bleed.
• Placenta praevia.
• Placental abruption.
• Management.

What are the types of APH?

Placenta praevia is classified into four types:

• Type I: the placenta is located in the lower part of the uterus but does not come close to the cervix.
• Type II (or marginal) – the placenta touches but does not cover the cervix.
• Type III (or partial) – the placenta partially covers the cervix.

What is a Circumvallate placenta?

Complete circumvallate placenta was defined as a placenta satisfying the following criteria: the chorionic plate, which is on the fetal side of the placenta, is smaller than the placental basal plate, which is located on the maternal side; the periphery is uncovered; and the fetal surface of such a placenta presents a …

Do embryos grow at different rates?

First trimester growth and development benchmarks Just as each child grows and matures at different rates and at different times, so does that same child as it begins its life in the womb.

What does antepartum care include?

Antepartum care includes the initial prenatal history and examination, subsequent prenatal history and examinations, recording of weight, blood pressures, fetal heart tones, routine chemical urinalysis, and monthly visits up to 28 weeks’ gestation; biweekly visits to 36 weeks’ gestation; and weekly visits until …