What cells express the IL-4 receptor?
Thus, based on their tissue distribution, the type I IL-4 receptor is found in lymphocytes and myeloid cells, and the type II IL-4 receptor is expressed in myeloid cells and all non-hematopoietic cells. The binding of IL-4 to IL-4Rα occurs with high affinity (Kd in the order of 10⋅10 M−1).
What is the function of IL-4?
IL-4 has an important role in regulating antibody production, hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the development of effector T-cell responses. It is produced only by a subset of activated hematopoietic cells, including T cells and Fc epsilon R1+ mast cells and basophils.
What is interleukin 4 receptor alpha antagonist?
Dupilumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody interleukin (IL) 4 receptor α-antagonist, resulting in the blockade of both IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. It is used to treat moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) as well as moderate-to-severe asthma.
Is IL-4 pro or anti inflammatory?
Interleukin-4 and IL-10 are pleiotropic anti-inflammatory cytokines that function mainly by suppressing the pro-inflammatory milieu. Several different immune cells that produce IL-4 are activated T cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and NKT cells (21, 22).
Do B cells secrete IL-4?
On the other hand, defined effector B cell subsets produce cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-12p40, TNF-α or IL-2, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 (8, 12, 13). These B cell-derived cytokines have been described to influence the outcome of infectious diseases.
Why is IL-4 The most important cytokine?
IL-4 is a multifunctional cytokine with B-cell stimulatory and Th2-promoting properties. IL-4 can rescue B-cells from apoptosis, enhancing their survival,60 and is responsible for immunoglobulin isotype switching to IgG1 and IgE. A T-cell suppressor role for this cytokine has also been suggested.
Which of the following asthma therapies is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits interleukin IL )- 4 and IL 13 signaling?
Dupilumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 signaling which results in suppression of type-2 inflammation. It is approved for use in moderate to severe persistent asthma in patients aged 6 years or older who have allergic type asthma that is poorly controlled with inhaled corticosteroids.
What does IL-4 do to B cells?
IL-4 is a cytokine with pleiotropic activity in the immune system (22), and it plays an essential role in the activation of mature B cells as a cofactor for LPS, CD40L, and Ag stimulation to induce B cell differentiation, proliferation, and Ab secretion, mainly of IgG1 and IgE isotypes (22, 23).
